Reference soil United States of America 28: Luvisol

US028

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil US028: Luvisols

Classification

WRB 1998

Albi-Gleyic- Luvisol (Cutanic Dystric)

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Albi-Gleyic Alisol

Gleyic Acrisol

Local classification:	Cisne silt loam

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Mollic Albaqualf aquic fine montmorillonitic mesic
USDA-SCS (1975)	Mollic Albaqualf aquic fine montmorillonitic mesic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-20	46	0.4	1.1	5.1	6.3	3.9	16.8	25.5	41.8	67.3	15.9
20-35	0	0.5	1.6	4.6	5.6	3.7	16	22.7	46.1	68.8	15.2
35-43	1	0.7	1.4	3.9	4.9	3.3	14.2	21.4	43.2	64.6	21.2
43-49	0	0.2	0.9	2.9	3.9	2.6	10.5	15.7	40.8	56.5	33
49-72	0	0.3	0.8	2.8	3.3	2.3	9.5	15.9	33.2	49.1	41.5
72-94	0	0.2	1.1	3.5	4.3	3	12.1	17.1	37.7	54.8	33.1
94-121	0	0.5	1	3	4.3	2.9	11.7	17.4	38.9	56.3	32.1
121-152	0	0.2	1	3.7	5	4.4	13.3	18.2	41	59.2	27.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-20	1.67	-	0.012	-	15.9
20-35	1.61	-	0.015	-	15.2
35-43	1.62	-	0.008	-	21.2
43-49	1.72	-	0.051	-	33
49-72	1.75	-	0.062	-	41.5
72-94	1.74	-	0.048	-	33.1
94-121	1.71	-	0.047	-	32.1
121-152	1.73	-	0.046	-	27.5

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-20	1.67	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.9
20-35	1.61	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.8
35-43	1.62	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8.6
43-49	1.72	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	12.2
49-72	1.75	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	16
72-94	1.74	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	14.1
94-121	1.71	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13.1
121-152	1.73	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-20	6.9	6.1	-	-	1.23	0.15	8	-	-	8.2	2.9	0.2	0.0	11.3
20-35	5.3	4.3	-	-	0.44	0.07	6	-	-	3.0	1.6	0	0.1	4.7
35-43	4.4	3.5	-	-	0.27	0.06	5	-	-	2.8	1.8	0	0.2	4.8
43-49	4.3	3.6	-	-	0.35	-	-	-	-	4.1	2.4	0.1	0.2	6.8
49-72	4.3	3.3	-	-	0.47	-	-	-	-	5.4	3.2	0.2	0.4	9.2
72-94	4.6	3.3	-	-	0.17	-	-	-	-	6.9	3.4	0.2	0.7	11.2
94-121	4.7	3.3	-	-	0.12	-	-	-	-	7.6	4.0	0.2	0.8	12.6
121-152	5.3	3.7	-	-	0.09	-	-	-	-	9.2	4.6	0.2	0.8	14.8

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-20	105	10.8	68	4.3	-	-	0
20-35	72	6.5	43	1.5	-	-	2
35-43	46	10.4	49	0.9	-	-	2
43-49	42	16.2	49	1.2	-	-	1
49-72	40	23.1	56	1.6	-	-	2
72-94	57	19.5	59	0.6	-	-	4
94-121	67	18.9	59	0.4	-	-	4
121-152	82	18	65	0.3	-	-	4

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	-	-	0.4	0.1	-	-	-	-
20-35	-	-	-	-	-	0.5	0.1	-	-	-	-
35-43	-	-	-	-	-	0.9	0.1	-	-	-	-
43-49	-	-	-	-	-	0.8	0.2	-	-	-	-
49-72	-	-	-	-	-	0.9	0.3	-	-	-	-
72-94	-	-	-	-	-	1.3	0.2	-	-	-	-
94-121	-	-	-	-	-	1.3	0.1	-	-	-	-
121-152	-	-	-	-	-	1.6	0.1	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	6.5	-	-	-	-	-
20-35	-	-	-	4.9	-	-	-	-	-
35-43	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-
43-49	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-
49-72	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-
72-94	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-
94-121	-	-	-	4.1	-	-	-	-	-
121-152	-	-	-	4.6	-	-	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
49-72	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-	very weak	strong	very weak
94-121	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	very weak	strong	very weak

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,weak fine granular,friable,common fine mottles (10YR 5/8),thin clay on pedfaces cutans,worm channels,abrupt smooth boundary to,
E1 20-35 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)silt loam,weak fine platy,very friable,clear wavy boundary to,
E2 35-43 cm	white (10YR 8/2, dry) light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, moist)silt loam,weak fine prismatic parting to weak fine platy,very friable,abrupt irregular boundary to,
B/E 43-49 cm	(light) grey (10YR 6/1, moist)silty clay loam,weak fine prismatic parting to moderate fine subangular blocky,firm,common medium mottles (5YR 4/6),thick clay cutans,abrupt irregular boundary to,
Btg1 49-72 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)silty clay loam,strong fine prismatic parting to strong fine subangular blocky,firm,common medium mottles (5YR 4/6),clay on pedfaces cutans,clear smooth boundary to,
Btg2 72-94 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)silty clay loam,moderate medium prismatic parting to strong medium subangular blocky,firm,common medium mottles (7.5YR 4/4),patchy thin clay cutans,clear smooth boundary to,
2Btg3 94-121 cm	light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, moist)silty clay loam,weak coarse angular blocky,firm,common medium mottles (7.5YR 4/4),thin clay cutans,gradual smooth boundary to,
3BCg 121-150 cm	light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, moist)silty clay loam,weak coarse angular blocky,firm,common coarse mottles (7.5YR 4/4),patchy thin clay cutans,few ferruginous few manganiferous,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian loess
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy

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Reference soil United States of America 28: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil US028: Luvisols

Classification